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Thallus ((ギリシア語:Θαλλός)) was an early historian who wrote in Koine Greek. He wrote a three-volume history of the Mediterranean world from before the Trojan War to the 167th Olympiad, c. 112-109 BC. Most of his work, like the vast majority of ancient literature, has been lost, although some of his writings were quoted by Sextus Julius Africanus in his ''History of the World''.〔Robert E. Van Voorst, ''Jesus outside the New Testament'', Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2000. pp 19–20 (Google Link )〕〔Africanus, in Syncellus〕〔Benjamin Garstad, ("Theophilus of Antioch, Pseudo-Justin and Thallus' treatment of Moses" ) Studia Patristica XXXVI, 207 f.〕 The works are considered important by some Christians because they believe them to confirm the historicity of Jesus and provide non-Christian validation of the Gospel accounts: a reference to a historical eclipse, attributed to Thallus, has been taken as a mention of the worldwide darkness described in the Synoptic gospels account of the death of Jesus, although an eclipse could not have taken place during Passover when this took place.〔A. J. Levine, D. C. Allison & J. D. Crossan, ''The historical Jesus in context'', Volume 12, Princeton University Press, 2006. p 405 (Google Link )〕〔Catherine M. Murphy, ''The Historical Jesus For Dummies'', Publisher For Dummies, 2007. pp 75–76〕 〔Robert E. Van Voorst, ''Jesus outside the New Testament,'' Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2000. pp 19–20〕 Modern scholars see the darkness as a literary creation rather than a historical event. ==The fragments of Thallus== # There are fragments from the 3 books of Thallus, in which he made a summary in abbreviated fashion from the sack of Troy to the 167th Olympiad (109 BC ) (Eusebius, ''Chronicle'', I. K125.2) # Castor and Thallus () Syrian events. (Africanus, in Eusebius, PE X.10) # The archives of the most ancient races—the Egyptians, Chaldaeans, and Phoenicians—need to be opened, and their citizens must be called upon, through whom knowledge must be provided—a certain Manetho the Egyptian and Berosus the Chaldaean, but also Jerome the Phoenician king of Tyre; and their followers, too: Ptolemy the Mendesian and Menander the Ephesian and Demetrius the Phalerean and king Juba and Apion and Thallus and the one who either proves or refutes these men, Josephus the Jew. (Tertullian, ''Apologeticum'' 19) # On the whole world there pressed a fearful darkness, and the rocks were rent by an earthquake, and many places in Judea and other districts were thrown down. Thallos calls this darkness an eclipse of the sun in the third book of histories, without reason it seems to me. (Africanus, in Syncellus) # For Thallus also remembers Belus the ruler of Assyria and Cronos the Titan, asserting that Belus waged war along with the Titans against Zeus and the select gods who were with him, stating at this point: 'and defeated, Ogygus fled to Tartessus. While at that time that region was famous as Akte, now it is called Attica, which Ogygus then took over.' (Theophilus, Ad Autolycum 3.29) # For according to the history of Thallus, we find that Belus was born 322 years prior to the Trojan War. (Lactantius, ''Divine Institutions'' I.23) # And so ... neither Diodorus the Greek nor Thallus, neither Cassius Severus nor Cornelius Nepos, nor any commentator on such ancient matters, prints that Saturn was anything but a man. (Tertullian, ''Apologeticum'' 10). # Therefore not only all poets, but even all historians and all writers on ancient matters, who have published for posterity his deeds done in Italy, agree he was a man: in Greek, Diodorus and Thallus, and in Latin, Nepos and Cassius and Varro. (Lactantius Div. Int. I.13). # All writers of Greek and Roman antiquities tell us that Saturn, the first of his kind, was a man: Nepos knows this, and Cassius in history, as well as Thallus and Diodorus, say this. (Minucius Felix 21) # Regarding the events before the Olympiads, consider how the Attic chronologers reckon: from the time of Ogygus, during whose tenure the first great flood occurred in Attica, while Phoroneus was ruling the Argives, as Acusilaus records, up to the time of the first year of the first Olympiad, the point after which the Greeks consider time to be reckoned more accurately, 1020 years passed, which agrees with those mentioned earlier and with those who were listed in order. For the writers on Athenian history, Hellanicus and Philochorus (who wrote ''Atthis'') and writers on Syrian affairs, Castor and Thallus, and writers on world affairs, Diodorus (who wrote the ''Library'') and Alexander Polyhistor, and some of our contemporaries record these events even more accurately than all the Attic historians. (Africanus, in Eusebius PE X.10) # So know this: of all those among us (Jews ) happen to be more ancient than many: (instance ) ... Moses ... as is clear to us in the histories of the Greeks. ... For in the times of Ogygus and Inachus ... they record Moses ... so does Polemon in his first book of history of the Greeks, and Apion ... and Ptolemaeus the Mendesian, who wrote a history of Egypt, all these men agree. And the writers on Athenian history, Hellanicus and Philochorus (who wrote Atthis), Castor and Thallus and Alexander Polyhistor, and also those most wise of men, Philo and Josephus ... (these men ) mention Moses, as they do the very old and ancient origin of the Jews. (Justin, Cohortatio 9) # 41 Assyrian kings ruled the kingdom of the Arabs, who also ruled from the () year of the world to the () year of the world, enduring all of () years from the first of them, Belus, until the 41st king, Macoscolerus, the son of Sardanapallus, as most noted historians agree, including Polybius, Diodorus, Cephalion, Castor, Thallus and others. (Syncellus) # After the 70th year of the captivity, Cyrus was king of the Persians in the first year of the 55th Olympiad, as we find in the Library of Diodorus and the Histories of Thallus and Castor, and also in the works of Polybius and Phlegon, but also in those of others who concern themselves with Olympiads: they are all in agreement about the date. (Africanus, in Eusebius PE X.10) # Those most wise men, Thallus, Castor (F 11 ), and Polybius (F 4 )...and among others, Herodotus...and the wise Theophilus, all recorded the chronology of the reign of Croesus. (John Malalas VI). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Thallus (historian)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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